IndustrialBlog

A plate heat exchanger is used to transfer heat energy from one fluid to another. These fluids never encounter each other due to being separated by the heat exchanger.

A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids are spread out over the plates.

Different types of plate heat exchanger have many potential applications. This includes pasteurizers, beverage processing, connectors between chillers, boilers, and cooling towers, and other process engineering applications. The plates are often spaced by rubber sealing gaskets which are cemented into a section around the edge of the plates. The plates are pressed to form troughs at right angles to the direction of flow of the liquid which runs through the channels in the heat exchanger. 

The corrugation on the plates drives the fluid on a tortuous path, creating a distance from 1 to 5 millimeters between two adjacent plates.

The fluids can pass through the channels in series (a less common solution) or parallel by making counter-flow configurations.

A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes.

Heat transfer to highly viscous or sticky materials is needed in certain applications. A scraped surface heat exchanger is the best option for providing efficient heat transfer in such applications because the scraping blades prevent the product from accumulating on the internal surfaces.

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger#Dynamic_scraped_surface_heat_exchanger

https://www.linquip.com/blog/plate-heat-exchanger/

https://www.youtube.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-plate-heat-exchanger/

https://www.britannica.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/working-principle-plate-heat-exchanger/

https://www.kawasaki.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/scraped-surface-heat-exchanger/

In this article, we are going to talk about Surface Heat Exchanger and Plate Heat Exchanger. First, we give a brief definition of both, then we examine the types and components of each and how each works. Read this article to the end. 

Plate Heat Exchanger

As defined by Wikipedia: A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids are spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. A plate exchanger consists of a series of parallel plates that are placed one above the other so as to allow the formation of a series of channels for fluids to flow between them. Read more

Types of Plate Heat Exchanger

Double pipe heat exchangers are the simplest exchangers used in industries. On one hand, these heat exchangers are cheap for both design and maintenance, making them a good choice for small industries. On the other hand, their low efficiency coupled with the high space occupied in large scales has led modern industries to use more efficient heat exchangers like shell and tube or plate. Different types of plate heat exchanger have many potential applications. This includes pasteurizers, beverage processing, connectors between chillers, boilers, and cooling towers, and other process engineering applications.

working principle of plate heat exchanger

A plate heat exchanger comprises a series of parallel plates placed one above the other to form a series of channels for the flow of fluids between them. The space between two neighboring plates forms the channel through which the fluid flows. 

scraped surface heat exchanger

Another type of heat exchanger is called "scraped surface heat exchanger". This is mainly used for heating or cooling with high-viscosity products, crystallization processes, evaporation and high-fouling applications. Long running times are achieved due to the continuous scraping of the surface, thus avoiding fouling and achieving a sustainable heat transfer rate during the process.

Scraped surface heat exchanger is made up of a jacketed cylinder with a spinning dasher that holds rows of scraper blades. When the product is being pumped into the cylinder, the heating or cooling medium is being circulated between the cylinder and the jacket. Steam, vapor, or a refrigerant such as ammonia or freon may be used as the medium.

 Many heat exchangers are U-shaped to maximize tube surface and heat exchange in a confined room. A u-tube heat exchanger or let’s say a u-tube configuration also makes it simple to enter the package.

There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangement. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side.

One of the most significant advantages of the straight tube heat exchanger is its simplicity. Straight tube exchanger is also common because of its flexibility. Straight tube exchanger allows for pure countercurrent flow within the exchanger without the need for a second one to be connected in series to the first. 

About System Boiler

In a fossil fuel power plant using a steam cycle for power generation, the primary heat source will be the combustion of coal, oil, or natural gas. In some cases byproduct fuel such as the carbon monoxide-rich off-gasses of a coke battery can be burned to heat a boiler; biofuels such as bagasse, where economically available, can also be used. In a nuclear power plant, boilers called steam generators are heated by the heat produced by nuclear fission. 

Several factors should be taken into account when choosing the correct boiler. If you’re replacing an old boiler in your new home or buying one for the first time, the following considerations will help you choose the best boiler for your needs. It’s important to remember that only a professional and knowledgeable gas engineer will advise you on the appropriate boiler for your home and requirements.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger

https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-u-tube-heat-exchanger/

https://www.britannica.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/the-10-best-system-boilers-of-2021-2/

https://www.ethosenergygroup.com/

 In this article, we will talk about boilers and heat exchangers. Then we will examine one of the types of boilers.

Heat Exchanger

Definition: A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes.

Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.

U-tube heat exchanger is a form of tube and shell heat exchanger that is used in petroleum and chemical machinery. The tube box, casing, and tube buddle are the key components of a u-tube heat exchanger. Furthermore, drying is simple following the hydro test of the u-tube heat exchanger. read more

Boiler

Definition: A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.

System boiler: A system boiler, like a traditional boiler, requires a hot water storage tank but not a water container. This is due to the fact that the system’s main components, such as the expansion vessel and pump, are pre-assembled. System boilers are typically easier to maintain because they do not need a tank, eliminating the risk of leaks or damage. A machine boiler can be appropriate if you don’t have enough space for a tank but have several bathrooms.

 In the previous article we talked about Thermal Expansion Valves, Steam Condenser and Thermal Insulation. In this article we will talk about their types and different parts.

Steam Condenser

The purpose of using a steam condenser is:

helping keep the pressure low (below atmospheric pressure) at the steam turbine end to get maximum possible energy and reduce the specific steam consumption of a power plant.

supplying pure feed water to and from the hot well. The water is again pumped to the boiler using a boiler feed pump.

The steam turbine itself is a device to convert the heat in steam to mechanical power. The difference between the heat of steam per unit mass at the inlet to the turbine and the heat of steam per unit mass at the outlet from the turbine represents the heat which is converted to mechanical power.

Thermal Expansion Valves

Inside the Thermal expansion valve, you will typically find the following main components:

The valve body: It holds the components and has an orifice inside to restrict the flow of refrigerant

The diaphragm: It is a strong, thin flexible material, typically metal, which can flex to apply pressure to the pin.

There are two main types of thermal expansion valves: internally or externally equalized. The difference between externally and internally equalized valves is how the evaporator pressure affects the position of the needle. In internally equalized valves, the evaporator pressure against the diaphragm is the pressure at the inlet of the evaporator, whereas, in externally equalized valves, the evaporator pressure against the diaphragm is the pressure at the outlet of the evaporator.

Thermal Insulation

We have plenty of cheap and common insulation materials ready to buy on the market now. Many of them have been nearby for quite some time. All of these insulation elements have their ups and downs, and when deciding about the type of insulation material you need, it is better to be certain and aware of the material type that would work the best in your application.

The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (resistance value). In thermal engineering, other important properties of insulating materials are product density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (c).

Refrences:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenser

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermal-insulation/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve

https://www.ethosenergygroup.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermal-expansion-valves-everything-you-need/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_insulation

https://www.energy.gov/

 In this post, we will talk to you about 3 important industrial parts. Thermal Expansion Valves, Thermal Insulation and Steam Condenser. Each of these components has important functions. Join us to talk about each in detail.

Steam condenser

Steam condenser is a commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations.The pressure within a steam condenser is held below the atmospheric pressure to enhance efficiency. more information

Thermal expansion valves

A thermal expansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve  is a component in vapor-compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flows out of the evaporator to a steady value. When the load on the evaporator increases, it causes the liquid refrigerant to boil faster in the evaporator coil. Since the feeler bulb is installed on the suction line, therefore it is at the same temperature as the refrigerant at that point. Read more

Thermal Insulation

Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.

It is essential to know how heat is transferred in the environment and devices. Heat is transferred by convection, conduction, or radiation, or by a mixed process of all three. Heat continually moves from warmer to colder zones as it seeks a balance. Suppose an insulated container’s interior is colder than the outside air.

A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882.

Current transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are instrument transformers. Instrument transformers scale the large values of voltage or current to small, standardized values that are easy to handle for measuring instruments and protective relays. The instrument transformers isolate measurement or protection circuits from the high voltage of the primary system.

A single phase transformer is an electrical instrument that uses single-phase AC input and provides single-phase AC. This is employed in the distribution of energy in non-urban regions as the overall demand and prices involved are lower than the 3-phase type of transformers. They are utilized as a step-down device to reduce the home voltage to an appropriate amount without a variation in frequency.

Distribution transformers are normally located at a service drop, where wires run from a utility pole or underground power lines to a customer's premises. They are often used for the power supply of facilities outside settlements, such as isolated houses, farmyards or pumping stations at voltages below 30 kV. Another application is the power supply of the overhead wire of railways electrified with AC. In this case single phase distribution transformers are used. 

You can find more information about Transformers in the following links.

Refrences:

https://www.gm.com/

https://www.ethosenergygroup.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-a-distribution-transformer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-a-single-phase-transformer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-the-current-transformer/

https://www.kawasaki.com/en-us?lo=google_search_2021ttrg_various_brand&cm_mmc=google-_-2021ttrg_various-_-search-_-homepage_brand&gclid=CjwKCAjwlYCHBhAQEiwA4K21m1dPcJ2c5GHFXHZh6iBdbUXfEbeHzukEqoVSObMbw9kXzQD28Mt1HRoC9BEQAvD_BwE

 We have talked about transformers in previous articles. In this article, we are going to talk about current transformer, distribution transformer and single phase transformer. Stay with us.

Distribution transformer

A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.

Normally, a distribution transformer level is less than 200MVA, while some national norms can allow for ratings up to 5000 MVA to be known as distribution transformers. If the level is more than 200MVA (or 5000MVA in some regions), it’s introduced as a power transformer.

current transformer

A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary.

Based on this form of configuration, the current transformer is always introduced as a “series transformer” as the primary section, which never has more than a very few turns, is in series form with the current-carrying conductor providing a load. read more in this link

Single Phase Transformer

A single-phase load may be powered from a three-phase distribution transformer in two ways: by connection between one phase and neutral or by connection between two phases. These two give different voltages from a given supply. For example, on a 120/208 three-phase system, which is common in North America, the phase-to-neutral voltage is 120 volts and the phase-to-phase voltage is 208 volts. This allows single-phase lighting to be connected phase-to-neutral and three-phase motors to be connected to all three phases. This eliminates the need of a separate single phase transformer.A transformer is an instrument that transforms magnetic power into an electrical type. It has two electrical sections introduced as the primary and secondary windings. The primary section of the device receives power, whereas the secondary winding delivers energy. A magnetic iron circuit introduced as the “core” is typically used to wrap around these sections. more information

 A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.

The working principle of a current transformer is somewhat different when measuring it with a standard voltage type of transformer. It contains two windings similar to the normal voltage transformer. Whenever AC provides throughout the primary section, then alternating magnetic flux can be produced, then AC will be stimulated across the secondary section.

Any transformer fundamentally includes a core and two windings. The two windings are introduced as primary and secondary sections. A step-up transformer converts a high-current, low-voltage input to a low-current, high-voltage output applying the principles of magnetic induction. The alternating electric flux in the primary section produces a varying magnetic field in the core.

It should be noted that a transformer is a reversible machine so that it can be employed as both a step-up and step-down transformer. For instance, if the circuit requires a high voltage, we would connect the HV terminals to the system, whereas the circuit or load needs a low voltage, we would connect the LV terminals to the system.

Once the output (secondary) value is higher than its input (primary) value, it is called a step-up transformer, whereas the output (secondary) voltage is less in the step-down transformer.

In a step-up type, the low voltage section is the primary side, and the high voltage section is the secondary side, whereas the low voltage winding is the secondary side in the step down transformer.

Read more in this References.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/current-transformer-types-applications/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-step-up-transformer/

https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html

https://youtube.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/step-down-transforme/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-step-up-and-step-down-transformer/

A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits.

But what are the current transformer types?

Current transformers types are several in the market. 

• Bushing Current Transformer
• Indoor Current Transformer
• Outdoor Current Transformers

The two most important types of transformers are Step Up and Step-Down.

What is the difference between step up and step down transformer? We first introduce each and then examine the differences between them.

A Step-up Transformer is a machine that converts the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage and steps up the input voltage. On the other hand, a step-down transformer steps down the input voltage. We have a lower secondary voltage compared to the primary voltage.

We have a lesser secondary voltage in a step-down transformer than the original voltage because of the fewer turns in the secondary winding. Therefore, this type of transformer is used to decrease the voltage to designed levels for the circuit. Almost most of the power supplies have the step-down transformer to hold the circuit running range to defined safer voltage limits.

The main difference between step up and step down transformer is that the step up type improves the output value, while the step down type reduces that value.